JL8飞机安装XZG—2型综合告警器的质量控制及管理方法

介绍了ＸＺＧ－２型综合告警器质量控制和管理的方法与措施。     

航天器的数字化总装设计研究

文章总结了航天器数字化总装设计的基本思路、方法和经验，阐明了数字化总装设计所发挥的作用和意义。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

体育场挑蓬风荷载模拟实验研究

能容纳五万多观众的浙江省黄龙体育中心主体育场，在观众席上建有能遮挡风雨的挑蓬，挑蓬之大达座席覆盖率９０％以上，总面积２１０００ｍ２。挑蓬被支撑在外环梁和由斜拉索吊拉的内环梁上。大跨度梁结构受力问题，是建筑结构业一个十分复杂的问题，而杭州地区的地理位置处于我国的台风区，更显出风荷载影响的严重性。因此需对体育场置于大气边界层风洞中进行风荷载模拟实验，以取得合理的挑蓬体型系数，为结构设计的合理性和可靠性提供重要依据。最终可以节省建筑物的造价。     

Exact multisensor dynamic bias estimation with local tracks

An exact solution is provided for the multiple sensor bias estimation problem based on local tracks. It is shown that the sensor bias estimates can be obtained dynamically using the outputs of the local (biased) state estimators. This is accomplished by manipulating the local state estimates such that they yield pseudomeasurements of the sensor biases with additive noises that are zero-mean, white, and with easily calculated covariances. These results allow evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the sensor bias estimates, i.e., a quantification of the available information about the sensor biases in any scenario. Monte Carlo simulations show that this method has significant improvement in performance with reduced rms errors of 70% compared with commonly used decoupled Kalman filter. Furthermore, the new method is shown to be statistically efficient, i.e., it meets the CRLB. The extension of the new technique for dynamically varying sensor biases is also presented.     

结冰风洞中过冷大水滴云雾演化特性数值研究

为明晰结冰风洞中过冷大水滴（SLD）云雾演化特性，发展了基于欧拉法的SLD液滴运动、传热和传质耦合计算方法，针对3 m×2 m结冰风洞主试验段水平收缩构型，分析了SLD云雾沉降收缩特性、动量平衡特性和热平衡特性，探索了液滴变形破碎的影响，评估了构型出口处SLD液滴动量平衡和热平衡状态。研究结果表明：直径超过250 μm的SLD液滴在构型内会发生显著形变，液滴尺寸越大则变形程度越强，尤其在160 m/s工况下，当液滴直径超过750 μm后，SLD液滴甚至会发生破碎；液滴变形破碎效应会增大液滴加速度和液滴温度下降率，促使SLD液滴趋近动量平衡和热平衡状态；SLD云雾（最大液滴直径小于1 000 μm）在构型出口处会出现显著的粒径浓度分层、动量分层和热分层现象，其中直径小于100 μm的小尺寸液滴速度快、温度低且不断凝结，趋于平衡态，但直径超过500 μm的大尺寸SLD液滴速度慢、温度高且不断蒸发，则显著偏离平衡态；增大试验段气流速度尽管会减弱SLD云雾粒径浓度分层程度，但会增强动量分层和热分层程度，尤其在160 m/s工况下，SLD云雾会均匀分布在构型出口中心区域内（-0.75 m < Y < 0.75 m且-0.5 m < Z < 0.5 m），与其平衡态间的最大速度差和温度差将分别超过18 m/s和20℃。     

腔体格栅的电磁屏蔽原理与方法

进气道格栅能够避免电磁波进入腔体形成强散射,同时可改善飞行器表面进气道唇口造成的不连续性,有效降低飞行器的电磁散射特性。基于快速多极子算法,以斜切矩形口直腔体为研究对象,利用波导模式传输理论阐述了格栅的电磁屏蔽原理,分析了格栅尺寸与雷达散射截面(RCS)的关系,以及极化角与格栅布局方向的关系。基于干涉相消原理,提出了横向和纵向尺寸非均匀格栅设计,与均匀格栅的RCS进行了对比。数值仿真结果表明：横向非均匀格栅的RCS缩减在前向±15°范围内超过8 dB,纵向非均匀格栅在±35°范围内具有明显的RCS缩减效果,部分角度RCS缩减超过20 dB。此外还提出了双层格栅设计来减小格栅间距和深度,数值仿真结果表明当双层格栅中单层格栅横向间距小于半波长条件时,双层格栅能获得与单层格栅几乎相同的电磁屏蔽效果。     

结冰风洞中液滴相变效应数值模拟

为明晰结冰风洞中液滴相变效应,发展了基于Euler法的气液两相传质传热耦合流动计算方法,探索了3 m×2 m结冰风洞主试验段构型相变效应对液滴传热过程的影响,开展了参数影响研究,评估了试验段内液滴过冷状态。结果表明：构型内液滴经历了先蒸发后凝结两个阶段,蒸发效应促进了准一维传热阶段液滴温度的下降趋势,使液滴温度趋于湿球温度,而凝结效应则抑制了三维收缩阶段液滴温度的下降趋势,进而增大了试验段液气温差,影响液滴过冷状态;增大初始相对湿度和试验段气流速度,会导致蒸发效应减弱而凝结效应增强,进而增强了相对湿度和气流速度对液滴过冷状态的影响程度,与此相反,初始液滴尺寸的增加,则会导致蒸发效应和凝结效应均减弱,进而减弱了液滴尺寸对液滴过冷状态的影响程度;在典型工况下,小尺寸液滴（液滴直径范围为40~100 μm）在高风速时（试验段气流速度大于164 m/s）将偏离过冷状态（液气温差超过3℃）。